EPO;Epoetin;Erythropoietin

E.coli

Ala28-Arg193

P01588

Human

18.2 kDa

22 kDa

C-His

Not validated for activity

> 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

< 10 EU/mg of the protein as determined by the LAL method

Generally, lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80℃. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8℃ for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20℃ for 3 months.

This product is provided as lyophilized powder which is shipped with ice packs.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with 5% Trehalose and 5% Mannitol.

It is recommended that sterile water be added to the vial to prepare a stock solution of 0.5 mg/mL. Concentration is measured by UV-Vis.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 34 kDa glycoprotein hormone in the type I cytokine family and is related to thrombopoietin. Its three N-glycosylation sites, four alpha helices, and N-to C-terminal disulfide bond are conserved across species. Glycosylation of the EPO protein is required for biological activities in vivo. The mature human EPO protein shares 75%-84% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, canine, equine, feline, mouse, ovine, porcine, and rat EPO. EPO is primarily produced in the kidney by a population of fibroblast-like cortical interstitial cells adjacent to the proximal tubules. It is also produced in much lower, but functionally significant amounts by fetal hepatocytes and in adult liver and brain. EPO promotes erythrocyte formation by preventing the apoptosis of early erythroid precursors which express the erythropoietin receptor (EPO R). EPO R has also been described in brain, retina, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, endothelial cells, and a variety of tumor cells. Ligand induced dimerization of EPO R triggers JAK2-mediated signaling pathways followed by receptor/ligand endocytosis and degradation. Rapid regulation of circulating EPO allows tight control of erythrocyte production and hemoglobin concentrations. Anemia or other causes of low tissue oxygen tension induce erythropoietin production by stabilizing the hypoxia-induceable transcription factors HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha. EPO additionally plays a tissue-protective role in ischemia by blocking apoptosis and inducing angiogenesis.