Verified Samples in IHC: Human tonsil, Human colon carcinoma

IHC 1:500-1:1000

Polyclonal

IgG

Recombinant Mouse CTLA4 protein expressed by Mammalian

CTLA4

Ctla4, Ly-56, GRD, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen, IDDM, CELIAC, CELIAC3, CTLA-4, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, GRD4, GSE, IDDM12, Cd152, Ctla4,  Ly-56

Cell membrane

Widely expressed with highest levels in lymphoid tissues.

1 mg/mL

Store at -20°C Valid for 12 months. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.

PBS with 0.05% proclin 300, 1% protective protein and 50% glycerol,pH7.4

Antigen Affinity Purification

Unconjugated

CTLA-4 and CD28, together with their ligands B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T- and B-cell responses. CTLA-4 and CD28 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CTLA-4 and CD28 are composed of a single Ig V‑like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CTLA-4 and CD28 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on human chromosome 2. CTLA-4 was originally identified as a gene that was specifically expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, CTLA-4 transcripts have since been found in both Th1 and Th2, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. Whereas, CD28 expression is constitutive on the surfaces of 95% of CD4+ T cells and 50% of CD8+ T cells and is down regulated upon T cell activation, CTLA-4 expression is upregulated rapidly following T cell activation and peaks approximately 24 hours following activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with 20-100-fold higher affinity than CD28. The physiological role of CTLA-4 in T cell costimulation is currently being studied.